Tree Peony (Paeonia lutea)

Tree Peony (Paeonia lutea)
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At a glance

Lifecycle
Perennial (hardy)
Exposure
Full sun
Frost limit
−17.8 °C

Cultivation

Requires a deep rich soil, preferably neutral or slightly alkaline. Hardy to about -15°c. This species is not recognised by some Chinese botanists, who hold that it is no more than a form of P. delavayi. A very ornamental plant. Plants come into growth early in the year and are then subject to damage by late frosts, they are therefore best sited in a position that is shaded from the morning sun. Members of this genus are rarely if ever troubled by browsing deer or rabbits. A very greedy plant inhibiting the growth of nearby plants, especially legumes. The plant does not really need much pruning apart from removing dead or diseased stems. It is, however, very tolerant of pruning and can be cut right back to ground level if it requires rejuvenation. This species strongly resents root disturbance, taking some time to recover after being divided. Peony species are usually self-fertile, though they will also hybridise with other species if these flower nearby at the same time. Plants take 4 - 5 years to flower from seed. Cultivated in China as a medicinal plant.

Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame. If following this practice, make sure you sow the seed thinly, and give regular liquid feeds in the growing season to ensure the plants are well fed. We usually prick out the seedlings into individual pots as soon as they are large enough to handle, and then grow them on in a cold frame for at least two growing seasons before planting them out when they are in growth in the spring[K].

Edible uses

The following use is for P. suffruticosa. It quite probably also applies to this closely-related species.[K - see 214]. Flowers - cooked.

Medicinal uses

The bark obtained from the root has an antimicrobial effect upon various bacteria, including Escherichia coli, typhoid, cholera, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus hemolyticus and Pneumococci. The herb acts as a synergist when used with liquorice (Glycyrrhiza spp). A tea made from the dried crushed petals of various peony species has been used as a cough remedy, and as a treatment for haemorrhoids and varicose veins.

Habitat

Spruce forests and the edge of scrub in open pastures at altitudes of 3,300 - 4,000 metres.

Native range

E. Asia - S.W. China.

Same genus